Folks,

In this week’s article for Energy and Capital, I share some exciting findings from a geothermal conference I went to a few weeks ago. This is very cool technology and it’s as clean and green as it can be. Check it out.

The Future: Steam-Powered Cars

2007-05-21

By Chris Nelder

Two weeks ago, at an energy conference in San Francisco, I glimpsed a powerful and optimistic vision of the future of energy and transportation.

A vision of . . . well, of steam-powered cars.

The conference was the West Coast Geothermal Development and Finance Workshop. And the vision was offered by Brent Cook, the CEO of Raser Technologies, Inc. (RZ).

Follow me . . .

Imagine a future where we drive around in plug-in hybrid electric cars, sipping tiny amounts of liquid fuel, and mostly running on batteries that power next-generation, high-efficiency electric motors.

Imagine that all of the grid power they run on is generated and consumed without any emissions of any kind. In fact, without any detrimental effects on the environment whatsoever, and without using any fuel.

Imagine that it was all done using clean, green, renewable energy right here at home, and didn’t send a dime overseas.

Wells to Wheels

That is Raser’s vision, and they’re making it a reality with their "wells to wheels" approach to the problems of oil depletion, oil dependency, and global warming.

One side of their business focuses on the components that will power the cars. Their Symetron electromagnetic motor system, designed for use in hybrid cars, got the Frost & Sullivan 2006 Technology Innovation of the Year Award.

The Symetron system is an AC induction motor that can function as both the alternator and the starter. It’s only four inches long, a lightweight 66 pounds, and can deliver 64 horsepower with 170 lb/ft torque to start the car moving. That’s a lot of punch in a small package!

When functioning as a generator, it delivers a whopping 20 kW of power, enough to recharge the car’s lithium-ion batteries and still run all the accessories.

That makes it what the Frost & Sullivan analysts called a "disruptive technology," something that can really change the paradigm . . . in this case, of transportation.

The increased power, lower cost per kilowatt, high torque and high reliability of the Symetron motor can help make plug-in hybrids an economical reality for millions.

No wonder Raser has been hard at work getting their system ready for mass production and striking partnerships with key players to manufacture it.

The other side of their business generates the power to run those cars most of the time, from the cleanest and greenest of energy sources (and my personal favorite): geothermal power.

Power harvested as heat, oftentimes steam, from a hole in the ground.

Using a variety of licensed technologies and advanced "binary cycle" generator units made by United Technologies (UTC), Raser is in hot pursuit of the geothermal potential of the West.

Their goal is to build geothermal generating capacity at the rate of 100 MW/year for the next three years. That’s equivalent to about 4% of the entire current U.S. geothermal generating capacity, every year, just by one company.

Now that’s ambitious!

Hot Property

They’ve been buying up leases left and right for the last few years, and now hold leases on 34,000 acres in Utah and additional acreage in Nevada.

Like other renewables, geothermal energy systems require no fuel inputs, per se. They just borrow a little heat and move it elsewhere.

Even better–and this is the part that really gets me fired up–they can potentially use waste heat from other industrial processes as their heat source.

Even dried up oil and gas wells can be energy sources.

This is because the United Technologies geothermal generators have the unique ability to harvest some usable heat from relatively low temperature heat sources–as low as 165 degrees, depending on the site. This temperature range was unusable for the geothermal generators of the past, which needed a heat source of at least 500 degrees.

These generators are basically overgrown refrigerators running in reverse. "The organic Rankine cycle-based power system is an advanced binary cycle system that is driven by a simple evaporation process and is entirely enclosed, which means it produces no emissions," according to their press release.

Essentially, they take about 30-40 degrees from the hot side (such as a hot hole in the ground) and dissipate it to the cool side (using an air-cooled heat exchanger on the surface), turning a turbine as they do so.

The turbine spins as the refrigerant fluid (something like Freon) cycles through the system and is heated and cooled. It’s the temperature differential between the two sides that makes the system work.

So even if you have to dissipate the heat with an air cooled system in the hot desert sun, as long as the temperature of the heat source is at least 140 degrees hotter, you’re good to go.

And at night, when it’s cold outside but still toasty underground, these babies really sing . . . pumping out their best power precisely when solar panels are nonfunctional.

Put one of these units next to another industrial operation–say, a smelter or a paper mill–where you’ve got a lot of waste heat being generated, and dissipate it to, for example, a shallow, cold underground aquifer, and you’re basically harvesting free energy. You’re making use of otherwise wasted BTUs while incurring no harm to the environment.

Now that’s a hot technology. And I think it’s very, very cool.

Steamed Greens

Raser announced its Q1 financial results last Tuesday, showing good revenue growth but widening losses due to stock grants and other expenses for professional services. In other words, your typical development-stage growing pains.

They also recently announced that they are buying 135 of United Technologies’ 225 kW units and partnering with them to build their next 30 MW project.

And the next plant they build after that is going to be much, much bigger, using 1 MW generators.

Looking at their future, I see a great business. It’s as clean and green as it can be. Here are a few of the benefits:

• Advanced geothermal generators have no emissions.
• They’re tiny. These UTC PureCycle units generate 225 kW of power in an 11′ x 17′ footprint . . . about one tenth the footprint of solar PV for the same power output.
• They have minimal aesthetic impact. Units that harvest heat from hot underground water sources and reinject it back into the ground are so low-pro you might hardly even notice them. Just some low pipes sticking out of the ground in the desert somewhere. Not so much as a puff of steam coming out of them.
• They use no fuel because they provide their own power.
• And they run at 95% to 99% uptime, making them perfect for "base load" utility generation, or power generation that’s on all the time. That’s the kind of generation that is normally provided by coal-fired and nuclear plants, because they’re so hard to start up and shut down.

Not only that, the growth potential of the geothermal industry is enormous.

A report Raser released back in March showed that just one of their leased properties in Nevada could potentially support 300 to 500 megawatts of power generation . . . again, in a relatively tiny footprint.

Of course, Raser isn’t the only company in the game, nor the only suitor for the Earth’s virtually inexhaustible supply of heat energy underground.

Two weeks ago, Merrill Lynch announced that it had made a $35 million investment in Vulcan Power Co., a private company and one of the largest geothermal property holders in the U.S.

"We believe that an investment in Vulcan is critical to accelerate development of geothermal resources that benefit the environment," said Rob Jones, the head of the Merrill global energy and power group.

But that’s just the first round. In total, Vulcan intends to raise $150 million to develop some 900 MW worth of geothermal energy from its portfolio.

They haven’t even broken ground, and they’ve already got buyers for the power. The company has announced 20-year power purchase agreements with Nevada Power Co., Pacific Gas & Electric Co. and Southern California Edison Co.

We’ll be probing the depths of the geothermal space–hopefully with fewer overwrought metaphors–in much greater detail in the coming months, so stay tuned.

Until then,

–-Chris

PS Jeff Siegel has been following this trend closely for his Green Chip Stocks subscribers. He’s keeping his eye on one little-known company that has already tapped into this hot alternative power resource. To read his most recent report and learn more about this profit opportunity, please click here .